Saturday 10 December 2016

Theory 001: Technological Determinism











It is unlikely to hear someone saying that they are not affected by technology. Technology in all forms has affected people both from the past and in the present. Without being affected by it, it is likely to assume that society would not be where they are at the present. The positive and negative effect of such technology, though, is another topic all together.

There are currently two different interpretations to the term ‘technological determinism’. Thorstein Veblen’s theory on it circulates around the proposition that a society’s technology defines its own nature. This society is not necessarily the just the society of the present or the society of the past; rather, all technology, regardless of the society where it existed, defines itself. Furthermore, his theory also views technology as something that drives culture to grow and develop even more. Technology also assists in where history goes next.

An example used was the following: with the invention of the gun came the introduction to a culture of violence. Compared to much older forms of weaponry (ex: bows and arrows, swords), a gun was much easier to handle and therefore would be much more ‘practical’ to use in real life situations. With the idea of a gun being easy to wield and use came the eventual grow in the culture of violence that society has partaken in.

Meanwhile, Marshall Mcluhan focuses more on the aspect of the message that technology gives rather than technology itself. His interpretation gives more emphasis on the role of people. Mcluhan’s interpretation is as follows: the reason why people think and feel how they feel is due to the messages being transmitted by the current technology around them. This can be simply observed in the instance of a television playing the news. When a person views the news, it is natural for them to feel and ponder based on the news they had just found out.

Additionally, there is emphasis on the human senses. Whatever peoples’ senses perceive often translate into what is thought, felt, said, or done in the course of everyday life.

An example of Technical Determinism : cell phones.

Cell phones made our world smaller, making it easier for us to connect with each other. Through the connectivity brought by cell phones, the homogenizing effects of economic globalization have been enhanced. Tracking our movements became easier for governments and corporations.

Cell phones have also turned us into texting addicts. This kind of human being can be considered as a new type since there have been no previous records of such before cell phones existed.

We have also become more dependent with our cell phones. Using cell phones have become a part of our everyday life. Now, we use our phones not only to message people, but also for social media purposes. We check our various social media accounts from time to time as our way of ‘killing time’ when we’re bored. People nowadays will have a hard time not using their phones for a long period of time, which is why some restaurants took the opportunity to invent the ‘no-phone’ challenge. This challenges people to have meals and interact with others instead of having their eyes glued on the screens of their phones.

Forms of messaging have also evolved as time passed. The traditional letter-writing has been replaced by emails and instant messaging. Even the usage of telephones have been, somehow, replaced by the usage of phones and simply messaging people.

In alignment with Mcluhan’s quote, “Medium is the message” :

      Ø  Complex Circular rather than simple linear designs:
Examples:
     Traditional books vs. digital archives
     Linear episodic stories vs. hyper narratives
 
Ø  Holistic thinking rather than fragmented ideas
Examples:
     Tri-media advertising vs. integrated communications marketing
     Individual stores vs. malls
 
Ø  Multidimensional perspective
Examples:
     Specialization vs. multitasking
     Surfing on two or more internet sites
 
Ø  Acceptance of discontinuity in experience and ideas
Examples:
     Computer games with memory stick
     Virtual reality




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